Trimester I Exam Review
Vocabulary Items

The following vocabulary items can be found in your textbook and class handouts.  These identifications and concepts do not necessarily constitute all that will be covered on the exam.
 

Unit 1: Nature and Perspectives
(Chapter 1)

Pattison's Four Traditions - locational, culture-environment, area-analysis, earth-science
Five Themes - location, human/environmental interaction, region, place, movement
Absolute/relative location
Region - formal, functional, perceptual (vernacular)
Mental map
Environmental perception
Components of culture - trait, complex
Culture hearth
Cultural landscape
Sequent occupance
Cultural diffusion
Independent invention
Expansion diffusion - contagious, hierarchical, stimulus
Relocation diffusion - migrant
Acculturation
Transculturation
Assimilation
Environmental determinism
Possibilism
Cultural ecology
Holocene epoch (how it transformed the Earth)
Interglaciation
First Agricultural Revolution
Plant domestication
Animal domestication
Social stratification
Culture hearths - Fertile Crescent, Indus Valley, Chang & Yellow River Valley (China), Nile River Valley and Delta, Meso-America

Unit 2: Population
(
Chapters 2-3)
Population density - arithmetic, physiologic
Distribution

Dot map
Major population concentrations - East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North America, Nile Valley,...
Megalopolis
Population growth - world regions, linear, exponential
Doubling time (70 / rate of increase)
Population explosion
Population structure (composition) - age-sex pyramids
Demography
Natural increase
Crude birth/death rate
Total fertility rate
Infant mortality
Demographic Transition Model - High Stationary, Early Expanding, Late Expanding, Low Stationary
Stationary Population Level (SPL)
Population theorists - Malthus, Boserup, Marx (as well as the Cornucopian theory)
Absolute/relative distance
Immigration/emigration
Ernst Ravenstein - "laws" of migration, gravity model
Push/pull factors - catalysts of migration
Distance decay
Step migration
Chain migration
Intervening opportunities
Voluntary/forced migration
Counter migration
Three types of movement - cyclic (activity (action) space, commuting, seasonal, nomadism), periodic (e.g. military service, migrant workers, transhumance, college dorms), migratory
International/intranational refugees
Temporary/permanent refugees
United Nations
Population policies - expansive, eugenic, restrictive (case studies-India, China, Japan)
One-child policy

Unit 3: Cultural Geography
(
Chapters 4-7)
Language
Preliterate societies
Standard language
Dialect
Isoloss
Language - families (e.g., Indo-European), subfamilies, groups
Sound shift
Deep reconstruction
Proto-Indo-European
Language divergence, convergence, replacement
Conquest/agriculture theory
Nostratic
Language diffusion (and hearths)
Modern linguistic mosaic - literacy, technology, political organization
Hispanicization
Esperanto
Lingua franca
Pidgin
Creole (and creolization)
Monolingual/multilingual states
Official language
Toponymy
Language case studies (Quebec, Belgium, Nigeria,...)

Religion
Universalizing religions - Christianity, Islam, Buddhism
Ethnic religions - Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism,  Shintoism, Taoism (& Feng Shui),...
Religious origins and routes of diffusion
Syncretic religion
Secularism
Monotheistic/polytheistic religions
Animist religions
Hinduism - karma, Brahman, reincarnation, caste system, untouchables, polytheistic, temples/shrines
Buddhism -Prince Siddhartha, Buddha, Bodhi tree, Dukkha, Nirvana, pagodas/shrines
Christianity - Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant (its rise also correlates with the rise in secularism), Jesus Christ, Bible, cemeteries, largest bureaucracy, cathedrals/churches
Islam - Sunni, Shiah (Shiite), Muhammad, Allah, Qu'ran, Imam, sharia laws, Five Pillars, mosques, fastest growing & youngest world religion
Religious regions in U.S. (map)
Interfaith boundary case studies - Nigeria, Sudan, Kashmir, Armenia/Azerbaijan (and enclave/exclave), Yugoslavia (and ethnic cleansing)
Intrafaith boundary case studies - Northern Ireland, Switzerland
Fundamentalism
Ayatollah (Iran)

Identity
Folk vs. Popular culture
Mass/elite culture
Globalization
  Colonization, commodification, distance
  decay, time-space compression, reterritorialization, global-local continuum, placelessness, glocalization ("think globally, act locally")
Race vs. ethnicity
Skin color - melanin, vitamin D
Ethnic island (enclave/neighborhood)
Acculturation, assimilation
Cultural landscape
Cultural appropriation
Neolocalism
Ethnic conflict
  Forced vs. residential (affinity) segregation, ethnic claims to territory, ethnic cleansing (e.g., Yugoslavia, Sudan)
Gender gap - effects of modernizaztion
Longevity gap - habits, stress, AIDS
Quality of life
Maternal mortality rate
Infanticide
Dowry deaths