BIOLOGY HONORS EXAM REVIEW:  TRIMESTER I

 

CHAPTER I

 

• Atomic structure
• The periodic table
• Relationship of atoms, molecules, and compounds
• Chemical reactions (Synthesis, decomposition, activation E) and equations
• Chemical bonds (Covalent, Ionic, and Hydrogen)
• Ions and pH
• Organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids)
• DNA structure (complementary base pairing, the double helix)

 

CHAPTER II

 

• Energy (Free energy, chemical energy, and heat energy)
• Organisms in an ecosystem (photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs) and their roles (producer, consumer, or decomposer)
• Laws of Thermodynamics
• Energy flow in an ecosystem
• Enzyme structure and function
• Metabolism (synthesis and decomposition in an organism)
• ATP
• Digestion (intracellular and extracellular)
• Human digestion

 

CHAPTER III

 

• Cellular membrane (structure, molecular passage, & selective permeability)
• Diffusion and osmosis
• Concentration gradients
• Hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions
• Passive and Active transport
• Endocytosis and exocytosis
• Countercurent exchange
• Gas exchange in water vs. land
• Gas exchange in plants
• Human respiratory system
• Waste removal in organisms
• Human urinary system
• Feedback regulation

 

CHAPTER IV

 

• Photosynthesis (Light reactions and the Calvin cycle)
• Rate of photosynthesis (temperature, light, CO₂ and O₂ concentrations)
• Photorespiration
• C₃ vs C₄ plants
• CAM plants

 

CHAPTER V

 

• Stages:  Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETS
• Location:  Role of Mitochondria
• Relationship to Photosynthesis
• Fermentation
• Respiration and heat production

 

CHAPTER VI:  CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS 

• Prokaryotic cell structure
• Eukaryotic cell structure
• Cooperation among cells (colonies)
• Multicellular organisms (division of labor, tissues, organs, systems)

 

RESOURCE SUGGESTIONS:

 

• Reviewing Ideas and Using Concepts at end of chapters
• Check and Challenge
• Learning resources on BSCS Blue website
• Biocoach activities on The Biology Place
• Vocabulary list
• Lab reports
• Diagrams in text
• Class notes
• Biology Honors Web Site