1. Introduction
   1. President Roosevelt’s Death
   2. The Challenges Facing Harry Truman
2. Clouded Victory
   1. Roosevelt’s Arrangements
      1. The postwar agendas of the Big Three
      2. The Teheran Conference
      3. The Bretton Woods Conference
      4. The Yalta Conference
         1. the key issues: Poland, Germany, Japan
         2. historical judgments about Yalta
      5. FDR’s growing doubts about Stalin
   2. The War in the Pacific
      1. Savageness of the Pacific War
         1. propaganda
         2. blanket bombing of Japan
      2. Invasion of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
      3. Planning the invasion of Japan
   3. The Atomic Bomb
      1. The challenge of nuclear fission
      2. The Manhattan Project
   4. The End of the War
      1. The Potsdam Conference and Declaration
      2. The final hours
         1. bombing of Hiroshima
         2. Soviets declare war on Japan
         3. bombing of Nagasaki
         4. the Japanese surrender
   5. The Decision to Use the Bomb: Critics and Defenders
3. Entering the Peace
   1. America’s Unmatched Power
   2. Worries, Foreign and Domestic
      1. Fears of recession
      2. Veterans’ reentry problems
      3. Support for internationalism
      4. The creation of the U.N.
   3. The New President
      1. Biography
      2. Personal traits and beliefs
   4. Conservatism, Prices, and Strikes
      1. Congressional conservatism
      2. Price controls and inflation
      3. Widespread strikes
         1. UAW’s strike against GM
         2. coal miners’ strike
         3. railroad strike
   5. Political Earthquake: 1946
      1. Sweeping Republican victory
      2. The conservative Eightieth Congress
4. The Emergence of the Cold War
   1. Debating the Origins of the Cold War
   2. Division over the Atom
      1. U.S. nuclear monopoly
      2. The Atomic Energy Commission
      3. Proposals for international accord founder
   3. The Doctrine of Containment
      1. George Kennan’s brainchild
      2. The Truman Doctrine
      3. Critics of containment
   4. The Marshall Plan
      1. Reasons and scope
      2. Congressional reaction
   5. In Defense of Europe
      1. Stalin’s actions in Eastern Europe
      2. The Berlin airlift
      3. Dividing Germany
      4. The creation of NATO
   6. The Far East
5. The Sinews of National Security
   1. The National Security Act
   2. The CIA
   3. Defense Research and Development
      1. Military support for research
         1. Office of Naval Research
         2. Atomic Energy Commission
      2. Jet-powered aircraft
      3. Electronic computers
6. Prosperity and Tolerance
   1. A Flourishing Economy
      1. Baby boom signals optimism
      2. Reasons
         1. defense spending
         2. wartime savings and consumer demand
         3. G.I. Bill
   2. Faces Against the Window
      1. Continuing poverty
      2. Women in the workforce
   3. A Turn Against Intolerance
      1. Limits: Equal Rights Amendment fails
      2. Reasons for decline in intolerance
         1. wartime experience
         2. revelations about the Holocaust
         3. Cold War
         4. media attacks on prejudice
      3. Decline in anti-Semitism
   4. African American Aspirations
      1. Greater tolerance
         1. Jackie Robinson
         2. black musicians
         3. black workers and politicians
      2. Continuing discrimination
         1. southern segregation
         2. federal housing policy
         3. armed services
      3. African American protest
      4. Supreme Court supports equal rights
         1. Smith v. Allwright
         2. Morgan v. Virginia
         3. Shelley v. Kraemer
      5. Southern white resistance
7. Truman Restored
   1. Politics and Minority Rights
      1. Truman’s reelection strategy
      2. Support for civil rights
      3. Recognition of Israel
   2. The Election of 1948
      1. Democratic battle over civil rights
      2. Desegregation of the armed forces
      3. Defectors from the Democrats
         1. Dixiecrats
         2. Wallace’s Progressive Party
      4. The Republicans
      5. Nature of the campaign
      6. Truman’s upset victory
      7. Assessment
   3. The Fair Deal
      1. Congressional opposition
      2. Organized labor’s strategy
   4. Medical Research
      1. Federally funded research
      2. Private support
   5. The "Fall" of China
      1. Mao’s victory
      2. Debate over recognition
   6. Decision for a Hydrogen Bomb
      1. The Soviet atom bomb
      2. Debate over the H-bomb
8. Subversion and Security
   1. Fears of Internal Subversion
      1. International setbacks
      2. The Klaus Fuchs case
      3. Suspicion of communists and sympathizers
   2. The Truman Loyalty Program
      1. Reasons and scope
      2. Damage to civil liberties
   3. The House Un-American Activities Committee
      1. HUAC’s makeup and agenda
      2. The Hollywood Ten
      3. Blacklisting
   4. The Case of Alger Hiss
   5. The Effects of Fear
      1. Conviction of American Communist Party leaders
      2. Loyalty oaths
      3. Chilling effect on culture and reform
      4. NSC-68

Vocabulary

Winston Churchill

Harry Truman

United Nations

Potsdam Conference

Satellite nations

Warsaw Pact

Iron Curtain

containment

Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift

Charles DeGaulle

NATO

Taiwan

Mao Zedong

Chiang Kai-shek

HUAC

McCarran-Walter Act

Alger Hiss

Julius & Ethel Rossenberg

38th Parallel

Joseph McCarthy

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Sputnik

U-2 incident

General McArthur